What is maintenance & what are the types of maintenance ?

Maintenance is the process of maintaining something or somebody. Maintenance refers to a set of processes and practices which aim to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of machinery, equipment, and other types of assets typically used in business. The main purpose of maintenance is to ensure that all equipment required for production are operating at 100% efficiency at all times.

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

There are different types of maintenance work, each designed for specific scenarios. Knowing the differences between maintenance types helps people determine which ones are the most suitable for their purposes.

Preventive Maintenance
This type of maintenance is implemented on a fixed schedule and typically includes activities such as inspecting, cleaning, washing, replacing, and checking. It is typically performed in the downtime between shifts or on weekends to avoid affecting productivity goals. 

Routine maintenance has two objectives; to identify existing issues so they can be corrected as soon as possible and to prevent possible issues from becoming a reality through consistent care.

Predictive Maintenance
This maintenance type focuses on techniques used to determine the appropriate schedule for planned and corrective maintenance. It is data-driven and impacted by preset parameters. Its primary goal is to predict, through a variety of testing methods, when a machine will start experiencing severe wear and tear so corrective maintenance can be scheduled without affecting productivity goals and before the machine breaks down.

Condition-based maintenance 
Condition-based maintenance (CBM) is a maintenance strategy that monitors the actual condition of an asset to decide what maintenance needs to be done. It ooccurs when a situation or condition indicates maintenance is needed.

Reactive maintenance / Breakdown maintenance
Breakdown maintenance refers to repairs that are done when equipment has already broken down, in order to restore the equipment to its normal operating condition. Breakdown maintenance is maintenance performed on equipment that has broken down and is unusable. Breakdown maintenance is always unplanned. Unplanned maintenance is any maintenance task that occurs unexpectedly. It happens when there is no formal strategy in place to address a repair, replacement, or inspection before it’s needed. Unplanned maintenance is commonly the result of equipment failure that was not anticipated.


Breakdown maintenance may always be necessary due to the unpredictable nature of man-made machinery. 

Preventive maintenance dictates that potential asset vulnerabilities are addressed before they ever pose a problem. 

Predictive maintenance utilizes special tools that evaluate specific equipment usage to schedule maintenance procedures at cost-effective time frames prior to breakdown. 

Both predictive and preventive maintenance are proactive in nature, while breakdown maintenance is reactive. 

Maintenance teams are increasingly adopting preventive maintenance programs to reduce downtime. Studies show that realistic PM strategies can save companies 12 to 18 % in costs. According to Plant Engineering’s maintenance survey, predictive maintenance usage rose from 47 to 51 percent between 2017 and 2018. 

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